求助 外文
家园的各位朋友，实在是很不好意思，好久没来了，也没给家里提供点有价值的东西，一来就是给各位要东西，拜托帮帮忙啦，最近忙着实习，所以也没顾上干别的事情，外文翻译实在不知道上哪里找，忘各位前辈给点提示，我将不胜感激！ 你们毕业外文要求是什么？汉译英还是英译汉？我们那时候都是自己翻译的，或者上网查找相关的双语资料 英译汉，只想找个有关园林的英语论文就好，可是不好找啊，知道有关园林的外文网站吗？ 这是一篇关于北京城市绿化的文章Beijing is the capital of the great socialist motherland, and is also the political and cultural center of the country. It is one of the famous historical and cultural cities in China as well as in the world. The city's characteristic determines that urban parks and open space are substantially important in the construction of the city.
1. Some brief introduction to Beijing
Beijing lies in 39°56'N and 116°20'E. It's in the north of North China Plains, bordering Tianjin on the east, and surrounded by Hebei Province on the other sides. The topography is high in the north-west and low in the south-east. On the west, north and north-east are surrounding mountains. The mountains are usually 1000-1500 meters above sea level. Yongding River, Chaobai River, North Canal, Juma River and Gou River are mostly originated in the north-west and flow northward to Bohai Sea.
The total area of Beijing is 16,807.8 square kilometers and the planned area is 1040 square kilometers. By the end of 1997, the built area of Beijing is 511 square kilometers. The population of the urban and suburban area is 5.912 million.
The climate of Beijing is of typical continental warm temperate semi-wet monsoon with distinctive 4 seasons. The spring time is from early April to late May when it is usually windy and dry with just 50 mm of precipitation and 530 mm of vaporization. The summer begins from early June until early September, when it's hot and abundant with precipitation. From mid-September to late October is Autumn, when the weather is relatively more comfortable. The winter time is very long, starting from late October to next early Aril. The average temperature in a year is 12 ℃, and annual precipitation is about 626 mm. The highest temperature is 38℃, and lowest temperature is -15.4℃. Every year there are over 50 days with strong wind, most of which occur in the winter. The strongest wind could reach 9 degrees.
In this climate, only with good landscaping and greening, can we improve the urban ecological environment. The hard climate has caused some difficulties on the landscaping and greening. For example:1. The long winter time and lack of plants' varieties made the plantation and landscaping difficult. 2. The frequent windy and dry weather in the spring made the plants difficult to turn green and grow.
2 Urban landscaping is the requirement of Beijing for successive development
The construction of Beijing should be in accordance with the functions of the city such as to serve for the central political and military headquarters to conduct work properly, to serve for the increasing international contacts, to serve for the development of the national education, science & technology and culture, and to serve for the residents' life and work. The requirement of the Central Committee and the State Council to lead the national work and make international contacts in the time of opening outside, and the convenient condition for the residents' work and life should be ensured and supplied.
The developmental goal of Beijing requires that the function as a national cultural and political center should be enforced and improved, and build the city into an all-around opening outside international metropolitan. The urban developmental goal of the city also requires that the modernization level of the infrastructure be improved, historic and traditional views be further protected and carried on, urban environment be clean and tidy. It will provide a base for building the city into world's first class international city in mid 21 century.
The Beijing General Urban Plan determined that by 2000 the green area in the planned area will reach 42 square kilometers, with 8 square meters of green public area per capita, and green coverage being 40%.
Suited to the status of the capital, great efforts have been made and great development has been achieved since the foundation of PRC. The historically remained Municipal and scenic spots were well protected and restored, reflecting the characteristic of Beijing as a famous historical city. With the step of urban construction, large-scale greening and landscaping projects were carried out and a lot of green areas were set up, reflecting the characteristic of Beijing as both an old cultural city and an international metropolitan. On the basis of large-scale landscaping and greening, plan scientifically, design elegantly and great progress was achieved in the level of garden design and garden engineering. Beijing was named as one of the first several Garden Cities issued by Ministry of Construction.
3.The brief history of the development of green space
As a capital of 5 dynasties, Beijing was left a lot of large-scale imperial Municipal, temples, scenic spots and Municipal. In the city, there are three hai (sea, namely Beihai, Shichahai and Zhongnanhai), Temple of Heaven, Temple of Ancestors, three hills and five Municipal in the west suburb, Tanze Temple, Jietai Temple, Dajue Temple and other monastery scenic spots in the far suburb. Before People's Republic was founded in 1949, these beautiful Municipal and scenic spots were severely damaged, and some of them were long in disrepair. In the beginning of the People's Republic of China, there were only 6 parks such as Zhongshan Park, Beihai Park, Temple of Heaven, The Summer Palace, West Suburban Park (Zoo), Temple of Ancestors (Labor's Cultural Hall). There were only 5 green areas, they are: Zhengyi Road, Zhonghua Road, Jingshan East Street, Changan East Street and Gongzhufen. There were about 64100 trees. The green space per capita then was 3.6 square metersAfter the foundation of PRC, parks and green space developed very quickly. Especially after 1978 when the Party's third meeting of 11 session was held, the city's landscaping and greening has stepped into a fairly new stage. Both the quantity and the quality of the urban parks and green space have increased a lot.
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Great progress in environmental landscaping
With the quick step of the construction of the city, the requirement for better environment has been stressed harder and environmental protection has become an important pat of the city government's job. It is accepted that environmental patch forests can become the city's artificial lung and the establishment of it became the key project in urban landscaping. Since 1950s, shelter forests construction started. Long green corridors were established along main roads and then large-area patches forests were set up in city fringes. Since the ninth five years, the area of patches forests increased very quickly to the present 4000 ha.
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Quick development in road greening
The plan of urban landscaping requires that there must be trees along every roads and in every courtyards. The greening of the city's main roads and streets became the specialty of the Beijing's urban landscaping. The Second Ring Road and the Third Ring Road being set as the focal points, the greening of downtown areas and main roads were conducted by planting flowering shrubs and perennials, thus increasing the level of street landscaping and realizing the plan of with trees in every road. By 1997, the length of greened roads is about 1844 kilometers in Beijing.
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Street green areas added beauty to the city
Street green areas was started from the end of 1970s in Beijing. Coordinated with the construction of fly-over bridges, the street green areas in Fuxingmen, Fuchengmen were established. After that, street green areas were consistently built up making use of open space along road sides and the turn of the roads. In designing them, much attention was paid to plants arrangement to strengthen gardening effects. For example, the high-standard greening project in Forth Ring Fly-over bridge coordinating with green space in Caihuying Fly-over formed four-dragon-and-four-phoenix design , which promoted the level of design and construction of the green areas around fly-over, forming clear vertical landscaping views.
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Residential community greening improved the living environment
From 1980s, the construction of residential areas developed very quickly, and the residential areas enlarged quickly. The greening of the residential areas has become one of the most important issues in improving the residents' life. By 1997, the area of green space in residential areas has reached 2032 ha. 1708 institutions were named as garden-like community, and the green areas in the institutions has reached 7805 ha, which improve the residents' living and working environment greatly.
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Quick development in parks
Since Gucheng Park was set up in early 1980s, the construction of parks became more and more quickly. Yuanmingyuan Park, Grand View Garden, Liuyin Park (Willow Shade Park), Longtan park and Chaoyang Park were rebuilt, restored or newly built. Since the 8th five years, the scale and enthusiasm of building parks became more great. The 40-ha World Park and the 15.2-ha China Nationality Park were of great influences. The construction of parks has stepped into a new stage. The construction of zoo is also progressing greatly. Now 5350 animals of 643 species are in exhibition. By the end of 1997, there are 132 parks in the city.
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Consistent improvement in the level of landscaping.
Since the requirement for "no exposure of soil" was put forward in 1970s. establishing lawns, growing perennials and develop landscaping with climbers has become an important link in promoting the landscaping to a better level. 100 pots of flowers were used to decorate the streets to celebrate the 35 anniversary of the country. After that, landscaping with climbers were in quick development. In 1986, around the National Day, mass flower arrangements named as 'Flying of Yellow Dragon' and 'Cocktail Showing Feathers' were decorated in Tian'anmen Square for the first time. After that, the same arrangements were succeeded in the next 12 years. In the period of Beijing Asian Games in 1990, the level of landscaping was improved to some extent. The Second Ring Road and the Third Ring Road were named as green necklace and flower ring of Beijing. Along the main roads, about 20 landscape spots such as 'Green on City Wall', 'Elegance with Jiaolou', 'Crabapple Stream', 'Autumn Color on Baqiao' and 'Paintings with Crape-myrtle', achieving the effect of green all around, green lawn on the ground, flowers prosperous and heart-pleasing. After that, the number of perennials that were grown in the earth increased very quickly to 8.45 million plants in 1997, getting the effect of with flowers in three seasons. The construction of lawns developed step by step, and the time for the lawns being green amplified. The landscape effects were strengthened in urban greening, and the beautifying effect increased year by year.
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Good protection on very old trees
Now, there are 26012 old trees of 30 species that are over 100 years old. They are labeled and recorded. A number of regenerating measures were taken. Over 6000 of them were provided with protecting fences. For over 3000 of them, they were provided with supports and the holes were mended. Ventilating pavement and leaking device were supplied for over 2500 trees. In this way the living condition of old trees were clearly improved.
With years of efforts, in 1992, Beijing became one of the National Garden Cities. Many more efforts must be paid to achieve the goal of getting 35% of urban green coverage and 8 square meters of public green areas per capita.
4.Implement Urban General Plan and improve the level of urban landscaping
The quality and quantity of Beijing's green areas should be constantly improved and developed, which is the requirement of the city's development.
4.1 Strictly implement the General urban Plan, promote the successive development of urban landscaping construction.
The Party Central Committee and the State Council replied in the responses to Beijing General Urban Construction Plan in 1983 and to Beijing General Urban Plan in 1993 by especially setting forth building up well established green system and criteria. To carry out the Party Central Committee and the State Council's instructions in the responses, the city Party Committee and the city government regarded city greening and landscaping as an important job in providing 4 services and strengthening socialist spiritual civilization. The urban landscaping and greening were taken into overall account in the urban general construction. The capital greening plan and step-by-step practice of achieving the goal of improving the urban and suburban environment by combining city and the suburb together for greening and landscaping was formulated. According to this, in 1994 the city's parks and landscaping departments formulated seven-year 41113 project that will be fulfilled by 2000, which means to establish 40,000 thousand mu (about 2660 ha) urban shelter forests, 10 thousand mu (667 ha) of community green areas, 1000 garden-like institutions, 100 garden-like roads and 30 restored or newly built parks. After 2 years' practice, the criteria was adapted in the ninth five years as: 40 thousand mu more of green areas than in the eighth five years, in it, 30 thousand mu of patches forests, 7500 mu of residential green areas, 2500 mu of small green areas, road greening and institutional green areas, 30 garden-like roads and some more parks, thus promoting the successive development of the city's urban landscaping.
4. 2 Improve the level of design in various green areas in accordance with the landscaping standard.
The design of the green areas stressed on greening, and emphasized on specialty which suited to the status, characteristic, general views and natural condition. First, centering Tian'anmen Square, establish 5 ring-like greenbelts along the third ring road, the forth ring road, the fifith ring road, and the city fringe and build the Yongding River, Chaobai River, Dasha River, North Canal and the North-west mountains into two green shelters around the city. Secondly, centering the urban area, build the 5 radiating main roads into green corridors, and prevent the forming of belt-like city long the roads. Thirdly, establish a number of large-scale sheltering patches forests, thus increasing the green areas and make the city into mass-scatter distribution. Fourthly, draw up the percentage of landscaping areas in urban construction areas, and step by step build the city and the suburb into a whole integrated green system with points, lines, areas, networks and patches, which is well-distributed and well-functioning.
4. 3 Increase the content of science and technology, ensure the supply of landscaping plants and bringing the new plant materials.
Further strengthen the progress of landscaping science and technology, promote the increase in the content of science and technology in landscaping. According to the capital mid-term and long-term landscaping and greening plan and the annual demands, the landscaping departments formulated the plants production plan and the associated policy, which encouraged to consistently introduce and breed new plant varieties, thus ensuring the successive development of the capital parks and green areas.
4.4 Arouse the public enthusiasm to participate in landscaping and greening by proper guide.
The Party Central Committee and State Council not only give clear instructions to the capital's landscaping, but also the central leaders set good examples by taking part in planting trees, which gave great encouragement and spur to national citizen compulsory tree planting activities.
The city government and the city Party Commission regarded green space construction as an infrastructure and combined landscaping to city general construction, thus giving support in policy in realizing the planning. For example, 20% of the large-area green area can be permitted to be used for development; and while establishing or restoring a village in the area of planned shelter forest, greening should go priority.
Strengthen regulation, and put the management of urban landscaping to a way of legality. In order to manage by law, Beijing Urban Greening Regulation and 6 associated rules and 4 departmental rules were formulated, primarily forming relatively complete urban greening administration regulation system. The approval and control of deforestation, reforestation and the invading of green areas were strengthened. Three levels of landscaping management system in city, district and community were enforced and the landscaping management in street level was emphasized. The greening regulation enforcing system in the city was formed.
A system of responsibility with goals in practicing greening plan and a system of key greening project with individual responsibilities were carried out in the city Party Commission, city government and leaders of different departments. The mayor also signed goal-with-responsibility contracts in greening with governors in different districts and counties, ensuring the practice of the plans from administrational angle. The inspection and appraising through comparison system was insisted. Besides normal inspection on construction and maintenance, two special inspections were formulated. One is the biannual inspection on urban and suburban greening by main leaders from the city and the districts, which has been insisted for 28 times. The second is the appraising of garden-like units, prize for units greening with climbers, prize for greening and landscaping, standard office, garden-like office, prize for advanced individuals, and prize for advanced leaders etc. were conducted. Since 1982, every year, the city government and the city Party Committee held urban greening praising meetings that the country's leaders would attend in the National Congress Hall. It promoted the development of the capital's greening and landscaping causes.
Though great achievements have been obtained in Beijing's urban landscaping construction, there are still more things to do to catch up with some advanced cities. There are some difficult jobs to do to realize the greening goals of 2000. The city Party Committee and the city government will continue to unite and lead the people of Beijing to make efforts to realize the goal of 35% of green coverage and 8 square meters of green area per capita. 专业词汇，希望有用
2.0001 园林学 landscape architecture, garden ar-chitecture
2.0002 造园学 garden making, landscape garden-ing
2.0003 环境园艺学 environmental horticulture
2.0004 观赏园艺学 ornamental horticulture
2.0005 园林艺术 garden art
2.0006 园林美学 garden aesthetics
2.0007 园林建筑学 garden architecture
2.0008 园林建筑 garden building
2.0009 园林工程 garden engineering
2.0010 园林植物 landscape plant
2.0011 观赏植物 ornamental plant
2.0012 盆景 miniature landscape, penjing
2.0013 园林 garden and park
2.0014 园林学史 history of garden architecture
2.0015 园林规划 garden planning, landscaping planning
2.0016 园林设计 garden design
2.0017 园林机具设备gardening machine
2.0018 园林管理 garden management
2.0019 园林生态 landscape ecology
2.0020 绿化 greening, planting
2.0021 环境绿化 environmental greening
2.0022 绿地面积 green area
2.0023 绿地率 ratio of green space
2.0024 城市绿化覆盖率urban green coverage
2.0025 工厂绿化 factory greening, factory garden-ing
2.0026 街道绿化 street greening, street planting
2.0027 车行道绿化driveway greening
2.0028 分车带绿化dividing stripe greening
2.0029 人行道绿化sidewalk greening
2.0030 群众绿化 mass planting movement
2.0031 郊区绿化 suburban greening
2.0032 公路绿化 highway greening
2.0033 铁路绿化 railway greening, railway planting
2.0034 堤岸种植 bank planting
2.0035 阳台绿化 balcony greening
2.0036 窗台绿化 window-sill greening
2.0037 屋顶绿化 roof greening
2.0038 垂直绿化 vertical greening
2.0039 攀缘绿化 climber greening
2.0040 桥头绿化 bridgehead greening
2.0041 花园 garden
2.0042 专类花园 specified flower garden
2.0043 花园村 garden village
2.0044 园林城市 landscape garden city
2.0045 蔷薇园 rose garden
2.0046 松柏园 conifer garden
2.0047 球根园 bulb garden
2.0048 宿根园 perennial garden
2.0049 假山园 rock garden, Chinese rockery
2.0050 狩猎场 hunting ground
2.0051 街心花园 street crossing center garden
2.0052 小游园 petty street garden
2.0053 水景园 water garden
2.0054 铺地园 paved garden
2.0055 野趣园 wild plants botanical garden
2.0056 野生植物园wild plants garden
2.0057 乡趣园 rustic garden
2.0058 盆景园 penjing garden, miniature land-scape
2.0059 动物园 zoo, zoological garden
2.0060 墓园 cemetery garden
2.0061 沼泽园 bog and marsh garden
2.0062 水生植物园aquatic plants garden
2.0063 学校园 school garden
2.0064 室内花园 indoor garden
2.0065 芳香花园 fragrant garden
2.0066 盲人花园 garden for the blind
2.0067 公园 park, public park
2.0068 城市公园 city park, urban park
2.0069 区公园 regional park
2.0070 儿童公园 children park
2.0071 体育公园 sports park
2.0072 森林公园 forest park
2.0073 纪念公园 memorial park
2.0074 烈士纪念公园martyr memorial park
2.0075 综合公园 comprehensive park
2.0076 文化公园 cultural park
2.0077 文化休憩公园cultural and recreation park
2.0078 中央公园 central park
2.0079 天然公园 natural park
2.0080 海滨公园 seaside park, seabeach park
2.0081 古迹公园 historic site park
2.0082 河滨公园 riverside park
2.0083 湖滨公园 lakeside park
2.0084 路边公园 roadside park, street park
2.0085 娱乐公园 amusement park
2.0086 雕塑公园 sculpture park
2.0087 休憩公园 recreation park
2.0088 疗养公园 sanatorium park
2.0089 国家公园 national park
2.0090 邻里公园 neighborhood park
2.0091 特种公园 special park
2.0092 植物园 botanical garden
2.0093 植物公园 abeled plants park
2.0094 高山植物园 alpine garden
2.0095 热带植物园 tropical plants garden
2.0096 药用植物园 medical plants garden, herb garden
2.0097 绿地 green space
2.0098 公共绿地 public green space
2.0099 单位绿地 unit green area
2.0100 城市绿地 urban green space
2.0101 街道广场绿地street and square green area
2.0102 居住区绿地 residential quarter green area
2.0103 防护绿地 green area for environmental protection
2.0104 郊区绿地 suburban green space
2.0105 街坊绿地 residential block green belt
2.0106 附属绿地 attached green space
2.0107 生产绿地 productive plantation area
2.0108 苗圃 nursery
2.0109 风景 landscape, scenery
2.0110 自然景观 natural landscape
2.0111 人文景观 human landscape, scenery of humanities
2.0112 草原景观 prairie landscape
2.0113 山岳景观 mountain landscape, alpine landscape
2.0114 地理景观 geographical landscape
2.0115 湖泊景观 lake view
2.0116 郊区景观 suburban landscape
2.0117 地质景观 geological landscape
2.0118 喀斯特景观 karst landscape
2.0119 植物景观 plants landscape, flora landscape
02.2 园林史
02.2.1 中国园林史
2.0120 中国古典园林classical Chinese garden
2.0121 中国传统园林traditional Chinese garden
2.0122 中国古代园林ancient Chinese garden
2.0123 中国山水园 Chinese mountain and water garden
2.0124 帝王宫苑 imperial palace garden
2.0125 皇家园林 royal garden
2.0126 私家园林 private garden
2.0127 江南园林 garden on the Yangtze Delta
02.2.2 西方园林史
2.0128 西方古典园林 western classical garden
2.0129 英国式园林 English style garden
2.0130 中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden
2.0131 意大利式园林 Italian style garden
2.0132 西班牙式园林 Spanish style garden
2.0133 法兰西式园林 French style garden
2.0134 勒诺特尔式园林Le Notre's style garden
2.0135 文艺复兴庄园 Renaissance style villa
2.0136 洛可可式园林 Rococo style garden
2.0137 巴洛克式园林 Baroque style garden
2.0138 庄园 manor, villa garden
2.0139 廊柱园 peristyle garden, patio
2.0140 绿廊 xystus
2.0141 迷阵 maze, labyrinth
02.2.3 典型中西园林
2.0142 灵囿 Ling You Hunting Garden
2.0143 灵沼 Ling Zhao Water Garden
2.0144 灵台 Ling Tai Platform Garden
2.0145 阿房宫 E-Pang Palace
2.0146 上林苑 Shang-Lin Yuan
2.0147 未央宫 Wei-Yang Palace
2.0148 洛阳宫 Luoyang Palace
2.0149 华清官 Hua-Qing Palace
2.0150 艮岳 Gen Yue Imperial Garden
2.0151 圆明园 Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden
2.0152 颐和园 Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden,Summer Palace
2.0153 承德避暑山庄Chengde Imperial Summer Resort
2.0154 苏州园林 Suzhou traditional garden
2.0155 悬园 Hanging Garden
2.0156 英国皇家植物园Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden
2.0157 凡尔赛宫苑 Versailles Palace Park
2.0158 枫丹白露宫园 Fontainebleau Palace Garden
02.3 园林艺术
2.0159 景 view, scenery, feature
2.0160 远景 distant view
2.0161 近景 nearby view
2.0162 障景 obstructive scenery, blocking view
2.0163 借景 borrowed scenery, view borrowing
2.0164 对景 opposite scenery, view in opposite place
2.0165 缩景 miniature scenery, abbreviated scenery
2.0166 漏景 leaking through scenery
2.0167 框景 enframed scenery
2.0168 尾景 terminal feature
2.0169 主景 main feature
2.0170 副景 secondary feature
2.0171 配景 objective view
2.0172 夹景 vista line, vista
2.0173 前景 front view
2.0174 背景 background
2.0175 景序 order of sceneries
2.0176 景点 feature spot, view spot
2.0177 仰视景观 upward landscape
2.0178 俯视景观 downward landscape
2.0179 季相景观 seasonal phenomena
2.0180 气象景观 meteorological diversity scenery
2.0181 视野 visual field
2.0182 秋色fall color, autumn color
2.0183 园林空间 garden space
2.0184 开敞空间 wide open space, wide space
2.0185 封闭空间 enclosure space
2.0186 意境 artistic conception, poetic imagery
2.0187 苍古 antiquity
2.0188 空灵 spaciousness, airiness
2.0189 动观 in-motion viewing
2.0190 静观 in-position viewing
2.0191 视错觉 visual illusion
2.0192 园林艺术布局artistic layout of garden
2.0193 对称平衡 symmetrical balance
2.0194 不对称平衡asymmetrical balance
2.0195 左右对称 bilateral symmetry
2.0196 辐射对称 radial symmetry
2.0197 透景线 perspective line
2.0198 轴线 axis, axial line
2.0199 主轴 main axis
2.0200 副轴 auxiliary axis
2.0201 暗轴 hidden axis, invisible axis
2.0202 树冠线 skyline
2.0203 园林色彩艺术 art of garden colors
2.0204 单色谐调 monochromatic harmony
2.0205 复色谐调 compound chromatic harmony
2.0206 对比色突出 contrast colors accent
2.0207 近似色谐调 approximate colors harmony
2.0208 暖色 warm color
2.0209 冷色 cool color
2.0210 色感 color sense
2.0211 城市绿地系统规划 urban green space system planning
2.0212 绿地系统 green space system
2.0213 公共绿地定额 public green space quota
2.0214 公共绿地指标 public green space norm
2.0215 绿地布局 green space layout
2.0216 吸引圈 attractive circle
2.0217 吸引距离 attractive distance
2.0218 有效半径 effective radius
2.0219 绿地资源 green space resource
2.0220 绿地效果 green space effect
2.0221 绿地规划程序 planning procedure of the green space
2.0222 空间规划 space planning
2.0223 形象规划 image plan
2.0224 实施规划 implementary plan
2.0225 必要生活空间 necessary living space
2.0226 余暇生活空间 leisure time living space
2.0227 利用频度 usage frequency
2.0228 树种规划 planning of trees and shrubs
2.0229 绿地类型 type of green space
2.0230 环状绿型 annular green space
2.0231 块状绿地 green plot
2.0232 点状绿地 green spot
2.0233 放射状绿地 radiate green space
2.0234 楔状绿地 wedge-shaped green space
2.0235 缓冲绿地 buffer green space
2.0236 防音绿地 noiseproof green space
2.0237 科学景观论 scientific landscape theory
2.0238 园林保留地 reserve garden
2.0239 公园规划 park planning
2.0240 园林总体规划 garden master planning
2.0241 总平面规划 site planning
2.0242 园林分区 garden zoning
2.0243 安静休息区 tranquil rest area
2.0244 儿童活动区 children playing space
2.0245 儿童游戏场 children playground, playlot
2.0246 体育运动区 sports activities area
2.0247 野餐区 picnic place
2.0248 散步区 pedestrian space
2.0249 群众集会区mass meeting square
2.0250 观赏植物区ornamental plants area
2.0251 观赏温室区display greenhouse area, display conservatory area
2.0252 草坪区 lawn space
2.0253 绿荫区 shade tree section
2.0254 历史古迹区 historical relics area
2.0255 青少年活动区 youngsters activities area
2.0256 诱鸟区 bird sanctuary area
2.0257 钓鱼区 fishing center
2.0258 野营区 camp site
2.0259 游人中心 visitors center
2.0260 服务中心 service center
2.0261 探险游乐场 adventure ground
2.0262 文化活动区 cultural activities area
2.0263 道路系统 approach system, road system
2.0264 环形道路系统 circular road system
2.0265 方格形道路系统 latticed road system
2.0266 放射形道路系统 radiate road system
2.0267 自然式道路系统 informal road system
2.0268 规整式道路系统 formal road system
2.0269 混合式道路系统 mixed style road system
2.0270 园林规划图 garden planning map
2.0271 园林规划说明书 garden planning direction
2.0272 城市公园系统 urban park system
2.0273 公园分布 distribution of parks
2.0274 公园类型 park type, park category
2.0275 公园间距 distance between parks
2.0276 公园形式 park styles
2.0277 游览区 excursion area, open-to-public area
2.0278 非游览区 no-admittance area
2.0279 办公区 administrative area
2.0280 服务区 service center
2.0281 动休息区 dynamic rest space
2.0282 静休息区 static rest space
2.0283 娱乐演出区 entertaining performance place
2.0284 主要入口 main entrance
2.0285 次要入口 secondary entrance
2.0286 人流量 visitors flowrate
2.0287 车流量 vehicle flowrate
2.0288 公园道路 park road
2.0289 公园水陆面积比率land-water ratio
2.0290 游人容纳量 visitors capacity
2.0291 风景资源调查landscape resource evaluation
2.0292 风景学 scenicology
2.0293 风景规划 landscape plan
2.0294 风景设计 landscape design
2.0295 游览路线 touring route
2.0296 旅游资源 tourism resource
2.0297 旅游地理 tourism geography
2.0298 旅游地质 tourism geology
2.0299 历史名城 famous historical city
2.0300 文化名城 famous cultural city
2.0301 文化遗址 ancient cultural relic
2.0302 天然博物馆 natural open museum
2.0303 风景地貌 natural geomorphology
2.0304 造型地貌 imaginative geomorphologic figuration
2.0305 风景区 scenic spot, scenic area
2.0306 风景名胜 famous scenery, famous scenic site
2.0307 特异景观风景区specific natural scenes area
2.0308 民族风俗风景区scenic spot of minority customs
2.0309 高山风景区 alpine scenic spot
2.0310 海滨风景区 seabeach scenic spot
2.0311 森林风景区 forest scenic spot
2.0312 高山草甸风景区alpine tundra landscape spot
2.0313 峡谷风景区 valley scenic spot
2.0314 江河风景区 river landscape district
2.0315 湖泊风景区 lake round scenic spot
2.0316 温泉风景区 hot spring scenic spot
2.0317 瀑布风景区 waterfall scenic spot
2.0318 禁伐禁猎区 region forbidden to tree cutting and hunting
2.0319 封山育林区 region closed for afforestation
2.0320 天池风景区 crater lake scenic spot
2.0321 自然保护区 nature protection area
2.0322 科学保护区 protection area for scientific research
2.0323 天然纪念物 natural monument
2.0324 生物圈保护区 biosphere protection area
02.5 园林设计
2.0325 园林设计师 landscape architect, garden designer
2.0326 园址测量图 garden site survey map
2.0327 地形图 topographic map, contour map
2.0328 种植设计 planting design
2.0329 地形改造设计topographical reform design
2.0330 种植大样图detail planting design
2.0331 造价分析 cost analysis
2.0332 园林形式 garden style
2.0333 规整式园林 formal garden style
2.0334 非规整园林 informal garden style
2.0335 几何式园林 geometric garden style
2.0336 自然式园林 natural garden style
2.0337 混合式园林 mixed garden style
2.0338 近代巴洛克式园林 modern Baroque style
2.0339 马克斯抽象园林 R.B. Marx abstract garden
2.0340 园林区划 garden area division
2.0341 园林分区规划 garden block planning
2.0342 庭院花园 courtyard garden
2.0343 前庭 front yard, forecourt
2.0344 后庭 back yard, rear yard
2.0345 中庭 patio
2.0346 厨园 kitchen yard
2.0347 沉[床]园 sunken garden
2.0348 窗园 window garden
2.0349 墙园 wall garden
2.0350 宅园 home garden
2.0351 台地园 terrace garden
2.0352 冬园 winter garden
2.0353 切花园 cut flower garden
2.0354 屋顶花园 roof garden
2.0355 后花园 back yard garden
2.0356 园林地形改造 topographical reform of garden
2.0357 土山 earth piled hill, artificial mound
2.0358 假山 rockery, artificial rockwork
2.0359 太湖石 Taihu Lake stone, water modelled stone
2.0360 黄石 yellowish brown stone
2.0361 人造假山石 artificial stone, man-made stone
2.0362 孤赏石 monolith, standing stone
2.0363 掇山 piled stone hill, hill making
2.0364 叠石 stones laying
2.0365 板石 flag stone
2.0366 散点石 scattered stone
2.0367 抱角石 corner stone
2.0368 屋基石 foundation stone
2.0369 排衙石 guard stone
2.0370 屏石 screen stone
2.0371 石岸 rock bank
2.0372 石阶 stone steps
2.0373 汀步 stepping stone on water surface
2.0374 附壁石 stone appended to wall
2.0375 石花台 stone flower bed
2.0376 石凳 stone bench 最近因为台湾地震，海底光缆断裂，很多国外网站都上不去了，建议你还是找篇中文的论文，翻译成英文的吧，我们那时候不少都是这样做的 谢谢你这么热心（除你以外都没人理我[face2]），不过我们要求的是找一篇外文原文，然后翻译成中文，而且还要求是和自己的毕业设计相关，毕业设计我打算做工厂绿化设计，这个倒还可以改，只是原文不好找！
再一次感谢你！[face50]
最近忙，快考试了，所以要看书了[face8] 呵呵，别人都很忙，你们做毕业设计怎么还考试？ 好好复习吧，英文一般都是应付事，你们学校的图书馆应该也有英文的书籍，去那里看看．最简单的打算就是中文译英文，这个没人仔细看的 找本专业英语看看就可以了，或者是正规点的高校网站上应该有吧！
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